T-126: Undilated n51 construction over Q(sqrt2)

V3 C3 Upper bound confirmed

2026-10-08 published · Xu · n=51

Complete independently reviewed exact replay, independently re-implemented, confirms the undilated 51-square construction ceiling s(51) <= (16+5sqrt(2))/3. This is finite feasibility, not equality with the optimum or the unconfirmed source contact count.

Significance, composition and next rung
Significance
Xu's new 51-square arrangement at its exact side (16 + 5 sqrt 2)/3, about 0.0104 below the ceiling Daniel's certificate of the catalogue packing held (T-101), and the side the case now holds. A new arrangement lowering a case ceiling is a case result, S3, as T-125's rational certificate of the same packing is; the exact closed form is the citable detail and not the claim's weight, where an exact form alone (T-120 to T-123) is S2. No optimum established. Confirmed on 11 October.
Next rung
C4 requires two distinct accepted confirming adversarial reviews and an actual human oversight record; neither drawing nor admission supplies them.
Novelty
previously-published Present in an identified source

The case

Case record

n=51

7.477.690
789
7.1418.141
nn+1

Proven

7.47000≤s(51)≤7.690356

  • exact

Citation record n-051

lowerHosono after Tokoharu, Levy et al. 2026, GitHub (confirmed T-090)

upperXu 2026, GitHub (confirmed T-126)

Open

  • optimality

The case record

LowerUpper
Gap523−641300≈ 0.22035593…

Results on the case

14 results in the register on n=51, oldest first, each with what it established and how it stands now.

  1. 2005 published T-007

    s(n)≥min(⌈n⌉,n−2⌊n⌋+1+1) for 4≤n≤324

    V0 C1 Lower bound incomplete on this case, superseded by T-090

    Nagamochi · Nagamochi 2005 · source · register

  2. 2026-09-04 published T-085

    Nagamochi 2005, Lemma 1 is false for every container with a>3 and b>2

    V3 C3 Correction confirmed

    Karakuş; Vlasenko · Karakuş 2026 · chelokot Nagamochi counterexample 2026 · packet · register

  3. 2026-09-27 published T-046

    Rectangle-density lower bounds reported for 48 counts in n=18…95

    V0 C0 Lower bound recorded superseded by T-090

    Hosono after Tokoharu, Levy, Stromquist, Nagamochi, Burns, Massaccesi · wand125 rectangle bounds 2026 · wand125 rectangle bounds 2026-09-28 · packet · packet · register

  4. 2026-09-28 published T-048

    s(50)≥37/5=7.4

    V3 C3 Lower bound confirmed on this case, superseded by T-090

    Hosono after Daniel, Tokoharu, Levy, Stromquist, Nagamochi, Burns, Massaccesi · wand125 point and mixed bounds 2026-09-28 · packet · source · review · register

  5. 2026-09-28 published T-070

    Rectangle-density lower bounds replayed at 25 counts in n=29…95

    V3 C3 Lower bound confirmed superseded by T-090

    Hosono after Tokoharu, Levy, Stromquist, Nagamochi, Burns, Massaccesi · wand125 rectangle bounds 2026-09-28 · packet · packet · source · review · register

  6. 2026-09-29 published T-058

    Rectangle-certificate ceiling α·UB(n) proved for n=1..100; B·UB(n) on 64 grid rows

    V3 C3 Method limit confirmed

    Hosono after Tokoharu, Daniel · wand125 tools 2026 · packet · register

  7. 2026-09-29 published T-083

    s(n)≥1/2+n−⌊n⌋+1/4 for every nonsquare 8≤n≤324

    V3 C3 Lower bound confirmed on this case, superseded by T-090

    Karakuş · Karakuş 2026 · source · register

  8. 2026-10-03 published T-082

    Mixed rectangle-measure lower bounds verified at 22 counts in n=51…96

    V3 C3 Lower bound confirmed on this case, superseded by T-090

    Hosono after Tokoharu, Levy, Stromquist, Nagamochi, Burns, Massaccesi · wand125 mixed bounds 2026-10-03 · packet · packet · source · review · register

  9. 2026-10-04 published T-090

    Mixed rectangle-measure lower bounds verified at 17 counts in n=42…96

    V3 C3 Lower bound confirmed

    Hosono after Tokoharu, Levy, Stromquist, Nagamochi, Burns, Massaccesi · wand125 mixed bounds 2026-10-04 · packet · source · review · register

  10. 2026-10-05 published T-101

    Exact certificates of 77 catalogue packings: s(n) ≤ S', 1.2e-16 to 9.8e-15 above each side

    V3 C3 Upper bound confirmed on this case, superseded by T-126

    Daniel after Couzo, de Winter, Ellsworth, Levy · evand exact optima 2026-10-05 · packet · register

  11. 2026-10-08 published T-125

    Complete rational construction reports at 25 counts

    V3 C3 Upper bound confirmed superseded by T-126

    Xu · ry-xu square packing 2026 · packet · register

  12. 2026-10-08 published T-126 this result

    Undilated n51 construction over Q(sqrt2)

    V3 C3 Upper bound confirmed

    Xu · ry-xu square packing 2026 · packet · register

  13. 2026-10-13 published T-180

    Closed-form lower bound s(N)≥a(N) for every non-square N≥49, reported

    V0 C1 Lower bound reviewed on this case, superseded by T-090

    Hosono · wand125 closed form 2026-10-14 · packet · packet · register

  14. 2026-10-16 published T-204

    Mixed rectangle-measure lower bound s(51)≥3011/400 reported, on a 2,073-direction declared net

    V0 C0 Lower bound recorded

    Hosono after Tokoharu and Levy · wand125 fine-net lower bounds 2026-10-16 · packet · register