T-130: Five follow-up rational refinements from Couzo
V3 C3 Upper bound confirmed superseded by T-174, T-186 and T-224
Five complete rational source certificates by Couzo, reported in a comment on pull request jlevy/squares#460, prove finite upper bounds at the exact sides they state: , , , and .
Each certificate gives a rational side and, for each unit square, a rational centre and the tangent of its half-angle, in Daniel's format. The source reports passes from Daniel's verify_cert.py and a copy of this repository's sqpack verifier.
All 15 retained jobs, the five positives with their duplicate-square and outside-container controls, were decided again here on 10 October 2026 by both maintained exact routes and equal their retained rows, and a third exact route, half-extent containment and exact intersection area, decided the five certificates with six controls each. One maintained route is the verifier the source ran; the independent rational corner checker and the third route are independently re-implemented. The 10 October review found no blocking defect.
On 11 October 2026 the case records adopted three of them as the house, at 84, 86 and 105. At 175 and 270 smaller certificates hold the case (at 175 issue 528's, T-158, and at 270 issue 500's, T-151, both since 12 October 2026), and these two stay verified and are not selected.
Credit Couzo (https://github.com/franciscouzo/square-packing), refining Xu's packings at 84, 86, 105 and 175 and Daniel's at 270 by his basin hopping and, at 175, Ellsworth's refine_packing and Daniel's fq; Daniel's exact contact solver wrote the certificates.
Significance, composition and next rung
- Significance
- Five smaller finite construction sides at , 86, 105, 175 and 270, 3.03e-05 to 1.74e-03 below the case ceilings, each an earlier packing refined to a new optimum; no lower bound or optimum.
- Next rung
- V4 and C4 need a retained human oversight record: two accepted adversarial reviews by distinct AI reviewers are retained, the 10 October review and the 11 October final review (docs/project/reviews/review-2026-10-11-final-upper-bounds.md).
- Novelty
- previously-published Present in an identified source
The cases
This result concerns 5 cases, too many to draw one by one. Each is listed with the film’s bounds, the proved lower bound and the best known side, and links to its case record, where its packing and number line are drawn.
Results on these cases
39 results in the register on these cases, oldest first
2005 published T-007 · 5 of these cases
for
Lower bound incomplete on these cases, superseded by T-073, T-080, T-083, T-090, T-180 (reported) and T-206
2026-09-04 published T-085 · 5 of these cases
Nagamochi 2005, Lemma 1 is false for every container with and
Correction confirmed
Karakuş; Vlasenko · Karakuş 2026 · chelokot Nagamochi counterexample 2026 · packet · register
2026-09-27 published T-046 · case 86
Rectangle-density lower bounds reported for 48 counts in
Lower bound recorded superseded by T-090
Hosono after Tokoharu, Levy, Stromquist, Nagamochi, Burns, Massaccesi · wand125 rectangle bounds 2026 · wand125 rectangle bounds 2026-09-28 · packet · packet · register
2026-09-27 published T-056 · cases 105, 270
Smaller packings for 49 counts from to , each certified two independent ways
Upper bound confirmed superseded by T-174 and T-224
Couzo · franciscouzo square-packing 2026-09-27 · packet · register
2026-09-28 published T-070 · case 86
Rectangle-density lower bounds replayed at 25 counts in
Lower bound confirmed superseded by T-090
Hosono after Tokoharu, Levy, Stromquist, Nagamochi, Burns, Massaccesi · wand125 rectangle bounds 2026-09-28 · packet · packet · source · review · register
2026-09-29 published T-058 · cases 84, 86
Rectangle-certificate ceiling
α·UB(n)proved for ..100;B·UB(n)on 64 grid rowsMethod limit confirmed
Hosono after Tokoharu, Daniel · wand125 tools 2026 · packet · register
2026-09-29 published T-083 · 5 of these cases
for every nonsquare
Lower bound confirmed
Karakuş · Karakuş 2026 · source · register
2026-10-01 published T-068 · case 86
Rectangle-density lower bounds verified at 34 counts in
Lower bound confirmed on these cases, superseded by T-090
Hosono after Tokoharu, Levy, Stromquist, Nagamochi, Burns, Massaccesi · wand125 rectangle bounds 2026-10-01 · packet · source · review · register
2026-10-02 published T-071 · cases 84, 86
Mixed rectangle-measure lower bounds replayed at
Lower bound confirmed superseded by T-090 and T-206
Hosono after Tokoharu, Levy, Stromquist, Nagamochi, Burns, Massaccesi · wand125 mixed bounds 2026-10-02 · packet · source · review · register
2026-10-02 published T-073 · case 105
Linear-measure lower bounds replayed at and
Lower bound confirmed
Hosono after Tokoharu, Levy, Stromquist, Nagamochi, Burns, Massaccesi · wand125 linear certificates 2026-10-02 · packet · source · review · register
2026-10-02 published T-075 · case 86
Mixed rectangle-measure lower bounds replayed at nine counts in
Lower bound confirmed on these cases, superseded by T-090
Hosono after Tokoharu, Levy, Stromquist, Nagamochi, Burns, Massaccesi · wand125 mixed bounds afternoon 2026-10-02 · packet · source 1 · source 2 · review · register
2026-10-02 published T-080 · case 105
Linear-measure lower bound replayed at
Lower bound confirmed
Hosono after Tokoharu, Levy, Stromquist, Nagamochi, Burns, Massaccesi · wand125 linear certificates 2026-10-02 · packet · source · review · register
2026-10-03 published T-082 · case 86
Mixed rectangle-measure lower bounds verified at 22 counts in
Lower bound confirmed on these cases, superseded by T-090
Hosono after Tokoharu, Levy, Stromquist, Nagamochi, Burns, Massaccesi · wand125 mixed bounds 2026-10-03 · packet · packet · source · review · register
2026-10-04 published T-090 · cases 84, 86
Mixed rectangle-measure lower bounds verified at 17 counts in
Lower bound confirmed
Hosono after Tokoharu, Levy, Stromquist, Nagamochi, Burns, Massaccesi · wand125 mixed bounds 2026-10-04 · packet · source · review · register
2026-10-05 published T-094 · case 84
Mixed rectangle-measure lower bounds verified at and
Lower bound confirmed on these cases, superseded by T-206
Hosono after Tokoharu, Levy, Stromquist, Nagamochi, Burns, Massaccesi · wand125 mixed bounds 2026-10-05 · packet · source · review · register
2026-10-05 published T-098 · case 270
Exact optima of 48 known-best packings:
s(n) ≤ S',3.5e-13to5.0e-11below each printed sideUpper bound confirmed on these cases, superseded by T-224
Daniel after Couzo, de Winter, Ellsworth, Levy · evand exact optima 2026-10-05 · packet · register
2026-10-05 published T-101 · case 175
Exact certificates of 77 catalogue packings:
s(n) ≤ S',1.2e-16to9.8e-15above each sideUpper bound confirmed on these cases, superseded by T-186
Daniel after Couzo, de Winter, Ellsworth, Levy · evand exact optima 2026-10-05 · packet · register
2026-10-07 published T-117 · case 105
Exact rational ceiling refinements at , 292
Upper bound confirmed superseded by T-174
Rehwaldt after Couzo and earlier contributors · Rehwaldt Couzo refinements 2026-10-07 · packet · register
2026-10-07 published T-119 · case 270
Three exact feasible upper bounds at n=266,270,272 from new source arrangements
Upper bound confirmed on these cases, superseded by T-224
Daniel after Levy, Ellsworth, Couzo, Stead · Daniel new arrangements 2026-10-07 · packet · register
2026-10-07 published T-129 · case 105
Three dated Daniel certificate reports with historical source custody
Upper bound recorded superseded by T-174
Daniel after Couzo, Levy · Daniel dated certificates 105 and 130 2026-10-07 · Daniel dated certificate 292 2026-10-07 · packet · packet · packet · register
2026-10-08 published T-125 · cases 84, 86, 105, 175
Complete rational construction reports at 25 counts
2026-10-08 published T-128 · case 105
Eight complete rational refinements from Couzo
Upper bound confirmed superseded by T-174
Couzo after Xu, Chaoweeraprasit, Gupta, Ellsworth, Daniel, Levy · Couzo exact refinements 2026-10-08 · packet · register
2026-10-08 published T-130 this result · 5 of these cases
Five follow-up rational refinements from Couzo
Upper bound confirmed superseded by T-174, T-186 and T-224
Couzo after Xu, Daniel, Ellsworth, Levy · Couzo follow-up refinements 2026-10-08 · packet · register
2026-10-09 published T-134 · case 270
Six exact rational certificates from Couzo
Upper bound confirmed on these cases, superseded by T-224
Couzo after Polkovskyi, Chaoweeraprasit, Gupta, Xu, Daniel, Ellsworth, Levy · Couzo exact certificates 2026-10-09 · packet · register
2026-10-09 published T-136 · case 270
Seventeen exact rational packings from SQUISH's third request
Upper bound confirmed on these cases, superseded by T-224
Chaoweeraprasit after Couzo, Xu, Göbel, Schadt, Ellsworth, Hajba, Levy · SQUISH third request 2026-10-09 · packet · register
2026-10-09 published T-138 · 5 of these cases
Exact witnesses at Mishapolk's printed ceilings, the smallest known at 103 and 258 when registered
Upper bound confirmed superseded by T-174, T-186 and T-224
Polkovskyi after Stenlund, Friedman, Ellsworth, Chaoweeraprasit, Couzo, Xu, Levy · Mishapolk decimal poses 2026-10-09 · packet · register
2026-10-10 published T-140 · cases 175, 270
Six more exact rational certificates from Couzo
Upper bound confirmed superseded by T-186 and T-224
Couzo after Chaoweeraprasit, Polkovskyi, Xu, Daniel, Ellsworth, Levy · Couzo certificates 2026-10-10 · packet · register
2026-10-11 published T-151 · case 270
Nine exact rational packings from SQUISH's fourth request
Upper bound confirmed superseded by T-224
Chaoweeraprasit after Couzo, Gupta, Ellsworth, Friedman, Levy · SQUISH fourth request 2026-10-11 · packet · register
2026-10-11 published T-185 · case 175
A tighter packing of 175 squares from Couzo, superseded by Ostashev's composition
Upper bound confirmed superseded by T-186
Couzo after Xu, Daniel, Ellsworth, Levy · Couzo n175 2026-10-11 · packet · register
2026-10-12 published T-158 · case 175
New packings of 175, 232 and 264 squares built on a new 38-square rectangle, each certified exactly
Upper bound confirmed superseded by T-186
Ostashev after Nakajima, Ellsworth, Schadt, Friedman, de Winter, Daniel, Levy, Xu · Ostashev records 2026-10-12 · packet · register
2026-10-12 published T-170 · case 105
An exact contact refinement of Xu's packing of 105 squares, after Couzo's
Upper bound confirmed superseded by T-174
PingYou Ltd after Xu, Couzo, Daniel, Levy · PingYou n105 refinement 2026-10-12 · packet · register
2026-10-13 published T-174 · 5 of these cases
Tighter certificates at 68 counts from PingYou Ltd, of others' packings and its own
Upper bound confirmed
PingYou Ltd after Friedman, Ellsworth, Daniel, Xu, Barnett, Couzo, Ostashev, Chaoweeraprasit, Gupta, Fang, Polkovskyi, Levy · PingYou PR 574 certificates 2026-10-13 · packet · register
2026-10-13 published T-180 · 5 of these cases
Closed-form lower bound for every non-square , reported
Lower bound reviewed
Hosono · wand125 closed form 2026-10-14 · packet · packet · register
2026-10-14 published T-186 · case 175
Exact certificates at twelve counts from Polkovskyi, tightening the smallest reported there
Upper bound confirmed
Polkovskyi after Ostashev, Couzo, PingYou Ltd, Levy · Mishapolk KKT refinements 2026-10-14 · packet · register
2026-10-16 published T-193 · case 175
Exact algebraic sides at sixteen counts from Daniel, of packings the record credits
Upper bound confirmed on these cases, superseded by T-186
Daniel after Xu, Chaoweeraprasit, Ostashev, Couzo, PingYou Ltd, Gupta, Polkovskyi, Levy · Daniel exact current records 2026-10-16 · packet · register
2026-10-16 published T-206 · case 84
Mixed rectangle-measure lower bound verified, on the 201-direction net
Lower bound confirmed
Hosono after Tokoharu and Levy · wand125 fine-net lower bounds 2026-10-16 · packet · source · review · register
2026-10-16 published T-208 · case 86
Mixed rectangle-measure lower bound reported, on the 201-direction net
Lower bound recorded
Hosono after Tokoharu and Levy · wand125 fine-net lower bounds 2026-10-16 · packet · register
2026-10-20 published T-224 · case 270
Daniel's smaller n270 packing, another arrangement found from Chaoweeraprasit's, certified exactly
Upper bound confirmed
Daniel after Chaoweeraprasit, Levy · Daniel n270 sweep 2026-10-20 · packet · register
2026-10-22 published T-229 · case 105
Polkovskyi's re-solves of the house packings at 105 and 204, below T-174 and T-225
Upper bound recorded
Polkovskyi after Couzo, Muglich, Daniel, Xu, PingYou Ltd, Levy · Mishapolk issue 719 2026-10-22 · packet · register
Links
- On this site
- The frontier survey · T-130 in the results table
On GitHub, at main
- Register
- T-130 in
results.yaml, line 13640 - Evidence
E-couzo-460-followup-rational-report·E-couzo-460-followup-exact-feasibility- Proofs and certificates
- certificate
facts - Sources
- Couzo follow-up refinements 2026-10-08 (its own site, retained copy)
- Source packet
resources/web/couzo-followup-refinements-2026-10-08/README.md- Artifacts
13 artifacts and controls
resources/web/couzo-followup-refinements-2026-10-08/README.mdresources/web/couzo-followup-refinements-2026-10-08/acquisition/sources.jsonresources/web/couzo-followup-refinements-2026-10-08/facts/n-084.yamlresources/web/couzo-followup-refinements-2026-10-08/facts/n-086.yamlresources/web/couzo-followup-refinements-2026-10-08/facts/n-105.yamlresources/web/couzo-followup-refinements-2026-10-08/facts/n-175.yamlresources/web/couzo-followup-refinements-2026-10-08/facts/n-270.yamlresources/web/couzo-followup-refinements-2026-10-08/receipts/exact-certification.json.xzdevtools/couzo_followup_reports.pydevtools/check_half_angle_area.pydocs/project/reviews/review-2026-10-10-couzo-daniel-refinement-replays.mdtests/test_couzo_followup_reports.pytests/test_check_half_angle_area.py- Case file
- each case’s file is linked from its row above