T-238: chelokot reports Lean proofs of s(2),s(3),s(4)=2, s(5)=2.707…; Daniel, rectangle theorems

V0 C0 Formalization recorded

2026-08-29 published · Vlasenko; Daniel · n=2,3,4,5

chelokot reports Lean 4 proofs that s(2) = s(3) = s(4)=2 and s(5)=2 + 1/√2 = 2.70710678118654752440…, and Daniel Lean 4 theorems on rectangles from which those values are read at equal sides: a formalization of T-237, the classical values, and the first proof-assistant routes to them the record holds.

chelokot's theorems are Records.Square5.s5_eq_goebel : IsMinimumSide 5 (2 + Real.sqrt 2 / 2), by Göbel's packing and Friedman's four unavoidable points (1, 1), (1, 1 + d), (1 + d, 1) and (1 + d, 1 + d) with d = √2/2, and s2_eq_two, s3_eq_two and s4_eq_two, IsMinimumSide n 2 for n=2, 3 and 4, where IsMinimumSide n s says that n closed unit squares, each translated and rotated, fit in [0, s]^2 with pairwise disjoint interiors and fit in no smaller side.

This repository built the archive at the pin on 2 October 2026 for T-086, and that build's log prints these theorems' axioms, propext, Classical.choice and Quot.sound; no receipt names them yet. chelokot, square-packing-archive, August 2026. The archive's ATTRIBUTION.md credits chelokot as "project creator, concept, and product direction" and GPT 6 Astra with "AI-produced research, packing optimizations, and Lean formalizations credited under this name in the archive".

Daniel's rect2_iff, rect3_iff and rect4_iff decide which rectangles hold two, three and four unit squares, and rect5_pts_lower and rect5_upper give five squares in a square of side a >= 2 exactly when a >= 2 + √2/2. At equal sides they give the same values; no theorem of his states s(n) itself, and the step from the rectangle theorems to the square values is read here, not proved in Lean. The source reports standard axioms only. Daniel, square-packing, 21 October 2026; his literature note credits chelokot's proof as the earlier, and the repository's CREDITS.md reads "Produced by Claude (Anthropic) in a single session under human direction".

Significance, composition and next rung
Significance
Proof-assistant routes to four classical values the record holds (T-237): a second route to values the record holds, which is S2, as T-054, T-055 and T-234 are, a citable detail that changes no theorem.
Composition
Two routes, each its source's report and each claiming the four exact values: E-small-n-chelokot-lean-report, chelokot's, first, and E-small-n-daniel-rect-lean-report, Daniel's, second, whose square values are read from rectangle theorems. Neither is a build retained under a receipt, so V0, and no review has read either, so C0. T-237's evidence, the published proofs and this record's checks of them, is not cited: a proof assistant's check of T-237 is what this entry adds.
Next rung
C1 needs the stage 4 mathematical review of both routes: chelokot's four-point lemma and IsMinimumSide, and Daniel's rectangle theorems with the square-case reading, Fried4 at equal sides below 2 and five squares in a side below 2 included. V3 and C3 need a receipt-bound build here of chelokot's three Records modules from the retained bytes with their axioms printed, minutes over Mathlib's cache; Daniel's eight modules are a second build of the same size (think-tq3g). Rung 5 needs a human expert's review of a formalization.
Unfinished confirmations
C1 (think-7l2j): the stage 4 mathematical review of chelokot's s2_eq_two to s5_eq_goebel and of Daniel's rect2_iff to rect4_iff, rect5_pts_lower and rect5_upper at equal sides, read from the two retained packets. Not priced.

C3 (think-tq3g): receipt-bound builds here of chelokot's Records.Square5, NearSquare and SquareNumbers at 753079eb and of Daniel's five rectangle modules at 7051f4e, from the retained bytes, each with its theorems' axioms printed. About 0.5 CPU-hours, up to about 1 (priced 2026-10-23).
Novelty
previously-published Present in an identified source

The cases

Case record

n=2

2
123
1.4142.414
nn+1

Proven

s(2)=2

  • optimal
  • exact

The case record

LowerUpper
Verified22
Reported22
Gap0 solved: the verified bounds meet
Case record

n=3

2
123
1.7322.732
nn+1

Proven

s(3)=2

  • optimal
  • exact

The case record

LowerUpper
Verified22
Reported22
Gap0 solved: the verified bounds meet
Case record

n=4

2
123
nn+1

Proven

s(4)=2

  • optimal
  • exact
  • rigid

The case record

LowerUpper
Verified22
Reported22
Gap0 solved: the verified bounds meet
Case record

n=5

2.707
234
2.2363.236
nn+1

Proven

s(5)=2.707107

  • optimal
  • exact
  • rigid

Citation record n-005

lowerGöbel 1979, Math. Centre Tracts 106 (confirmed T-237)

upperGöbel 1979, Squares in Squares (confirmed T-237)

The case record

LowerUpper
Gap0 solved: the verified bounds meet

Results on these cases

8 results in the register on n=2,3,4,5, oldest first, each with what it established and how it stands now.

  1. 1979 published T-237 · n=2,3,4,5

    s(2),s(3),s(4)=2 and s(5)=2+1/2=2.70710678…, the classical first cases

    V3 C3 Optimality confirmed

    Göbel; Friedman · Göbel 1979 · Friedman DS7 · source · register

  2. 2005 published T-007 · n=4,5

    s(n)≥min(⌈n⌉,n−2⌊n⌋+1+1) for 4≤n≤324

    V0 C1 Lower bound incomplete on these cases, superseded by T-237

    Nagamochi · Nagamochi 2005 · source · register

  3. 2026-08-29 published T-238 this result · n=2,3,4,5

    chelokot reports Lean proofs of s(2),s(3),s(4)=2, s(5)=2.707…; Daniel, rectangle theorems

    V0 C0 Formalization recorded

    Vlasenko; Daniel · chelokot small-n Lean 2026-09-05 · Daniel small-n rectangles Lean 2026-10-22 · packet · packet · source 1 · source 2 · register

  4. 2026-08-30 established T-012 · n=5

    Goebel's n=5 packing is second-order rigid at fixed side

    V3 C3 Rigidity confirmed

    Levy · register

  5. 2026-09-03 established T-014 · n=5

    Goebel's n=5 optimum is rigid at fixed side: its pose is an isolated feasible point

    V3 C3 Rigidity confirmed

    Levy · register

  6. 2026-09-29 published T-058 · n=2,3,4,5

    Rectangle-certificate ceiling α·UB(n) proved for n=1..100; B·UB(n) on 64 grid rows

    V3 C3 Method limit confirmed

    Hosono after Tokoharu, Daniel · wand125 tools 2026 · packet · register

  7. 2026-10-07 published T-124 · n=2,3,4

    Reported non-strict local minima for 178 source configurations

    V0 C0 Restricted optimality recorded

    Daniel after Couzo · Daniel exact and local reports 2026 · packet · register

  8. 2026-10-12 published T-261 · n=2,3,4,5

    Reported grade-C local minima for 233 source configurations of field degree at most 4

    V3 C1 Restricted optimality incomplete

    Daniel after Schadt, Ellsworth, Levy · Daniel exact and local reports 2026-10-12 · packet · packet · register