T-249: Daniel reports a Lean kernel proof that s(12)≥15680/3951, the bound T-049 holds

V0 C0 Formalization recorded

2026-09-28 published · Daniel after Burns, Massaccesi · n=12

Daniel reports a Lean 4 kernel proof that s(12)≥15680/3951 = 3.9686155…, a formalization of T-049, which this record holds at V3/C3 on a replay of his arrangement sweep and its own interval coverage of the same certificate. Its theorem, SquarePacking.s12_ge_15680_3951 : (15680/3951 : ℝ) ≤ minSide 12, says that no square of side below 15680/3951 holds 12 closed unit squares, each translated and rotated, with pairwise disjoint interiors.

The proof applies the generic BoxTree verifier, proved sound once, to T-049's certificate, certificates/s12_lower_3.9686.txt: 1,736 D4-invariant points of total weight 11.9738036 < 12, as 320 generated part files and a covering theorem, cov_root, which lean/scripts/gen_data.sh S12H writes and the repository does not store. The source's LADDER.md reports the axioms propext, Classical.choice and Quot.sound, no sorry and no native_decide, and a build of 6 h 31 min on 2 cores, 7.3 CPU-hours, at most 30.6 GB resident. Nothing here has built it.

Daniel, square-packing, first committed on 28 September 2026 and retained here in the 7 October evand packet. The repository's CREDITS.md says its work was produced by Claude (Anthropic) under human direction.

Significance, composition and next rung
Significance
A proof-assistant route to a bound T-049 holds on two complete methods, by the same certificate checked in Lean's kernel: a citable detail that changes no theorem, as T-235's is.
Composition
One cited entry, the source's report (E-n012-evand-s12h-lean-report), which claims the lower bound in Lean. T-049's replays are not cited: they are T-049's evidence, and a kernel check of the same certificate is what this entry adds. No build is retained here, so V0; no review has read it, so C0.
Next rung
C1 needs the stage 4 mathematical review of s12_ge_15680_3951, BoxTree's soundness and the generator, read from the retained packet. V3 and C3 need a build here or by a third party retained here, from the retained source with its generated parts and the axiom receipt (think-yzl3): about 8 CPU-hours and 31 GB of memory, under the owner's 40 CPU-hour item cap but above this host, and #535 asks the owner to approve or decline it. Rung 5 needs a human expert's review of the formalization beside it.
Unfinished confirmations
C1 (think-oyd4): the stage 4 mathematical review of s12_ge_15680_3951, the BoxTree verifier's soundness lemma le_minSide and gen_boxtree.py, read from the retained packet. Not priced.

C3 (think-yzl3): a build of S12HLower from the retained source with the 320 parts gen_data.sh S12H writes, one part at a time, with the axiom receipt, here or by a third party whose build is retained here. About 8 CPU-hours (priced 2026-10-26).
Novelty
previously-published Present in an identified source

The case

Case record

n=12

3.974
345
3.4644.464
nn+1

Proven

3.97150≤s(12)≤4

  • exact

Citation record n-012

lowerRyu after Daniel, Levy 2026, GitHub (confirmed T-095)

Open

  • optimality

The case record

LowerUpper
Reported44
Gap572000= 0.0285

Results on the case

13 results in the register on n=12, oldest first, each with what it established and how it stands now.

  1. 2005 published T-007

    s(n)≥min(⌈n⌉,n−2⌊n⌋+1+1) for 4≤n≤324

    V0 C1 Lower bound incomplete on this case, superseded by T-095 and T-245 (reported)

    Nagamochi · Nagamochi 2005 · source · register

  2. 2026-08-25 published T-049

    s(12)≥15680/3951=3.9686155…

    V3 C3 Lower bound confirmed superseded by T-095 and T-245 (reported)

    Daniel after Burns, Massaccesi · evand square-packing 2026 · packet · source 1 · source 2 · review 1 · review 2 · register

  3. 2026-09-04 established T-017

    s(12)≥99/25=3.96

    V3 C3 Lower bound confirmed superseded by T-095 and T-245 (reported)

    Levy after Burns, Massaccesi · register

  4. 2026-09-04 published T-085

    Nagamochi 2005, Lemma 1 is false for every container with a>3 and b>2

    V3 C3 Correction confirmed

    Karakuş; Vlasenko · Karakuş 2026 · chelokot Nagamochi counterexample 2026 · packet · register

  5. 2026-09-28 published T-249 this result

    Daniel reports a Lean kernel proof that s(12)≥15680/3951, the bound T-049 holds

    V0 C0 Formalization recorded

    Daniel after Burns, Massaccesi · Daniel S12H Lean 2026-09-28 · packet · source · register

  6. 2026-09-29 published T-058

    Rectangle-certificate ceiling α·UB(n) proved for n=1..100; B·UB(n) on 64 grid rows

    V3 C3 Method limit confirmed

    Hosono after Tokoharu, Daniel · wand125 tools 2026 · packet · register

  7. 2026-09-29 published T-083

    s(n)≥1/2+n−⌊n⌋+1/4 for every nonsquare 8≤n≤324

    V3 C3 Lower bound confirmed on this case, superseded by T-095 and T-245 (reported)

    Karakuş · Karakuş 2026 · source · register

  8. 2026-10-02 published T-078

    s(12)≥31360/7901=3.9691178…, Daniel's certificate rescaled by 7902/7901

    V3 C3 Lower bound confirmed superseded by T-095 and T-245 (reported)

    Ryu after Daniel · squarepacker s12 2026 · packet · packet · source 1 · source 2 · review 1 · review 2 · register

  9. 2026-10-02 established T-079

    s(12)≥15680000/3949423=3.9702002…, Daniel's points re-weighted

    V3 C3 Lower bound confirmed superseded by T-095 and T-245 (reported)

    Levy after Daniel · source 1 · source 2 · review · register

  10. 2026-10-05 published T-095

    s(12)≥7943/2000=3.9715, Daniel's points dilated and re-weighted

    V3 C3 Lower bound confirmed

    Ryu after Daniel, Levy · squarepacker s12 2026-10-05 · packet · packet · source 1 · source 2 · review 1 · review 2 · register

  11. 2026-10-07 published T-124

    Reported non-strict local minima for 178 source configurations

    V0 C0 Restricted optimality recorded

    Daniel after Couzo · Daniel exact and local reports 2026 · packet · register

  12. 2026-10-12 published T-261

    Reported grade-C local minima for 233 source configurations of field degree at most 4

    V3 C1 Restricted optimality incomplete

    Daniel after Schadt, Ellsworth, Levy · Daniel exact and local reports 2026-10-12 · packet · packet · register

  13. 2026-10-16 published T-245

    Jatloe reports a Lean proof that the 4 × 3 grid is optimal, s(12)=4

    V0 C0 Optimality recorded

    jatloe, Gurevitch, ctjlewis, Ahmed · Jatloe n12 Lean 2026-10-16 · packet · source · review · register